A study whose details were published in Science found that MAI-DxO, an artificial intelligence-powered medical diagnostic system developed by Microsoft, achieved better results than doctors in previous assessments of complex medical cases.
In the study, artificial intelligence agents evaluated 304 complex cases published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The system diagnosed the cases about 2.3 times more accurately than doctors who used open sources such as books and the internet, and about 3.7 times more accurately than doctors who attempted to make diagnoses without consulting any external sources.

The study was conducted using previously documented medical cases evaluated in a simulated environment, and no real doctors took part in a direct comparison with the system.