Demonstrators in Italy raised Palestinian flags during a nationwide general strike on October 30. Protests in Rome and Bologna turned into clashes with police as a wave of demonstrations continued to spread across Europe, with a nighttime curfew announced in Paris and shopfronts covered with wooden boards in major German cities.
Palestinian flags on Italy’s streets
The USB grassroots union called a general strike, prompting marches in nearly 60 Italian cities. Participants carried Palestinian flags alongside union banners, expressing solidarity with Gaza, an issue that has featured prominently in Italian trade union protests for months.
The protests are part of an anti-government wave that has swept Italy since early October, including Milan, Bologna, Turin and Rome. The government sent 500 soldiers to Milan to support police after two days of unrest.
Barricades near the Colosseum
In Rome, a group of about 300 people broke away from the main march near the Colosseum and threw bottles at police officers. They then built barricades from rubbish containers in the Celio district opposite the ancient amphitheater and set rubbish bins and electric scooters on fire.
Police prevented the march from advancing toward Ponte Sisto and detained eight people. Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said security remained assured despite violence carried out by some groups.
Protesters block Bologna’s ring road
In Bologna, protesters blocked the city’s ring road. Roads leading to the A14 and A13 motorways were also closed for some time, and clashes broke out between union members carrying red banners and riot police.
Rome and Bologna also saw clashes during protests on October 24, when police used water cannons against demonstrators who attempted to reach the prime minister’s office in Rome.
Nighttime curfew imposed in Paris
In France, the Paris police prefecture announced a partial curfew from 23:00 to 06:00, in effect from October 31 to November 2 around Place de la République and the Châtelet–Les Halles area, alongside a separate curfew for minors starting at 21:00.

French Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez warned of a “very high risk of violence in cities” on Saturday. Between 100,000 and 150,000 people are expected to take part in protests in Paris, while authorities rejected the march route from Place de la Bastille to Place de la Nation and redirected marches to the Boulevards of the Marshals surrounding the city.
France will deploy 70,000 police officers and gendarmes across the country for the third consecutive Saturday of protests, following demonstrations on October 17 and 24. More than 2,500 shops were looted and about 2,700 people were detained during the October 17 protests.
German shops board up their façades
Luxury-brand shops on Berlin’s Kurfürstendamm covered their façades with wooden boards ahead of “Generation Z” protests scheduled for Saturday, October 31, which falls on Halloween.
Shops on Jungfernstieg in Hamburg, Königsallee in Düsseldorf and in Frankfurt took similar measures, while jewelry stores in Hamburg announced that they would close on Saturday. Police said there were no indications of organized looting, while organizers reaffirmed their opposition to violence.